What does the utilitarian approach focus on in assessing actions?

The utilitarian approach, a key concept in ethical philosophy, emphasizes the consequences of actions and decisions. Its primary focus is on achieving the outcome that results in the greatest overall benefit or utility for the majority of people involved. By prioritizing the collective well-being, this approach seeks to maximize happiness and minimize suffering, thereby ensuring that the actions taken yield the most favorable results for the largest number of people.

This perspective encourages decision-makers to evaluate the potential impacts of their choices on all stakeholders and to consider how to generate the most positive outcomes. In practice, this could involve assessing policies, business practices, or social initiatives based on their ability to enhance general welfare.

The other options reflect important ethical considerations as well. Maintaining individual rights pertains to deontological ethics, which focuses on duties and rights rather than consequences. Ensuring fairness in resource distribution relates to principles of justice and equity, while reducing pollution and resource consumption speaks to environmental ethics and sustainability. However, none of these principles encapsulate the central tenet of the utilitarian approach, which remains centered on maximizing happiness for the greatest number.